Man’s Inhumanity to Man

The Nurenburg Trials
There is no doubt that the Holocaust represents one of the most horrific events in human history –if not the most horrific event. Whilst we may make quick judgments about the people who took part in the holocaust, we often fail to think how we might have acted had we been a German in 1942.
Task 1: Get into 6 groups in order to read and discuss the following cases:
In 1945 many Nazis were brought to trial at Nuremberg –accused of crimes against humanity. The international community had to decide how to punish these people. You are members of a jury who have to decide the punishment for the following people:
1. Günter Schloss
Günter is 26 years old. He was a teenager when Hitler came to power in 1933 and joined the Hitler Youth because that is what everyone else did. He thinks the Jews deserved to be killed although feels that the numbers that have been killed have been exaggerated. Günter joined the German army when he was 18 and was sent to fight on the Russian front. He was very scared to see a lot of his friends being killed. However, he worked hard and was asked to join the SS guards who were working on the “Jewish Problem”. At first when he went to work in Auschwitz he was horrified at what he saw and tried to talk to some of the other soldiers about it. He was told that if he defied the commands of the Nazi Officers he would be killed. Gradually he got used to the conditions of working in the camp, although he looked away when he shot people, especially the younger children. At the camp Günter was put in charge of herding the prisoners into the gas chambers. Several witnesses claim that he was also responsible, on several occasions, for shooting the prisoners.
2. Dr Kurt Mannheim
Kurt is 48 years old. He is married with four children. Before the war he was a medical doctor at the Berlin University. He published several famous pieces of research on cancer. He did not vote for Hitler and at first spoke out against him, even helping one of his Jewish friends to escape Germany. However, as the war started he was told he had to report to duty at Buchenwald Concentration Camp to work in the hospital. At first he was horrified at what he saw but soon realized that he could make massive medical discoveries by using the prisoners in his experiments. He made unique progress in cancer research and knows that with more time and money he could use this information to help further this field of study. Mannheim says that although he is sorry that many people were killed in his experiments, he nevertheless feels that in the end the results will show that his actions have been worth it.
3. Marcus Hausman
Marcus is 42. He was one of Hitler’s closest aids and friends and was instrumental in the planning of the “Final Solution” to the Jewish problem (where all the remaining Jews within Nazi-occupied Europe would be eliminated in the gas chambers of the concentration camps). He personally saw to the rounding up of Jews in the Polish City of Warsaw. He is proud of his achievements and regrets not being able to finish off his job.
4. Wortek Polanski
Wortek is 23. He lives in Krakow. He was bullied at school and did not have any real qualifications or money when the Nazis arrived in 1939. He was scared of the Nazis but found that they became quite friendly if he did what they said. One of them gave him money to tell him which people in his town were hiding Jews in their houses. So Wortek gave him 27 family names and addresses. He doesn’t know what happened to these people but he hasn’t seen them for years. He is very confused and scared about what might happen to him now.
5. Wolfgang Horstein
Wolfgang is 40. He is married with four young children. He is a wealthy manufacturer who made his money during the war by making material. He was not very successful before 1939, but he never gave the Nazis any trouble and in return for making material for the war effort they gave him three empty factories in 1942 –he claims to have no idea to whom these factories belonged. They also gave him a ready supply of hair to make his material –he also does not know where this came from but it came in a variety of colours and was always in plentiful supply. He found that it was better to ask no questions in the war. Wolfgang was upset to see what happened to the Jews. He always tried to give them some bread if he happened to be near the Ghetto in his town.
6. Danny Brown
Danny is a high ranking government adviser to the American President. He received intelligence reports in 1942 about what was happening to the Jews but failed to pass them on to any one official. He did discuss them with his superior but was told to ignore the figures for murdered Jews as they were certainly a gross over-exaggeration.
Task 2: Having read the 6 accounts above, your teacher now ask you to report what your group discussed
How should the person discussed by your group be punished?
Why did you make this judgment?
Was it easy for your group to decide the punishment?
How do you think you would have acted if you had been that person in1942?
Josef Mengele, the “Angel of Death”, who performed medical experiments on twin children at Auschwitz.
Go back to Lesson 1 (What was the Holocaust?)
Go back to Lesson 2 (Racism and Prejudice)
Go back to Lesson 3 (The Holocaust and You)
Go back to Lesson 4 (Oskar Schindler)
Go to Lesson 6 (The Milgram Experiment)
Go to Lesson 7 (God and the Holocaust)
Go to Lesson 8 (The Genocide of Rwanda)